Cheat Sheets

HTML vs HTML5 Cheat Sheet: Doctype, APIs & What Changed

By ArpaNeuro Team September 9, 2026
HTML HTML5 cheat sheet

“HTML vs HTML5” usually means pre-HTML5 documents (often XHTML-style) versus the living HTML standard. HTML5 introduced the short doctype, semantic landmarks, native media, new input types, canvas, and JavaScript APIs — and dropped the need for Flash and XML-style empty-tag slashes.

This HTML cheat sheet is written for people searching for a fast, accurate reference: students, junior developers, and teams shipping production software. Pin it, copy the snippets, and come back when syntax slips.

Quick reference

  • Doctype: HTML5: <!DOCTYPE html>. Older pages used long DTDs that triggered quirks if mistyped.
  • Mime: Serve text/html. XHTML application/xhtml+xml is rare on public sites now.
  • Semantics: New landmarks: header, nav, main, article, section, footer.
  • Media: <video> and <audio> replace plugin embeds for common formats.
  • Forms: New types (email, date, number, range) and attributes (required, placeholder).
  • Graphics: <canvas> for scripted drawing; SVG remains for scalable vector markup.
  • APIs: Offline-unrelated: history, geolocation, web storage, fetch (later), and more — JS, not tags.
  • Void tags: <img>, <input>, <br> do not need /> in HTML.

Copy-paste examples

HTML5 vs old-style head

The short doctype and charset meta are the HTML5 document start. Skip XML namespaces on public HTML.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>HTML5 page</title>
</head>
<body>
  <video controls src="intro.mp4"></video>
</body>
</html>

Common mistakes

  • Calling every modern page “HTML5” as a buzzword while still using table layout and Flash.
  • Serving XHTML syntax (<br />, namespaces) and expecting XML error handling in browsers.
  • Using HTML5 input types without name/labels and assuming they replace a backend.
  • Polyfilling nothing, then blaming “HTML5 support” for a missing lang or title.

FAQ

  1. Is HTML5 a separate language? No. HTML5 is the HTML standard as of that era; HTML continues as a living specification. You write HTML.
  1. Can I mix HTML4 tags with HTML5? Browsers parse one language. Old tags like <b> still work. Prefer semantic tags for new markup.
  1. Did HTML5 replace JavaScript? No. HTML5 added tags and enabled APIs that JavaScript calls. Behavior is still JS (or WASM).

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